Advanced Nanosystems for Clinical Translation

This special issue is dedicated, but not limited to, the “1st International Northern-Southern Europe Workshop in Nanomedicine” held city of Chieti (Abruzzi, Italy) between January 15–17, 2020, before COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The workshop aimed to bring together a vast number experts with extensive experience field nanomedicine from northern and southern parts Europe, also worldwide discuss network on how foster basic science translational personalized for drug delivery applications, including anti-cancer research, regenerative medicine, cardiovascular diseases, polymer supramolecular chemistry towards reliable pre-clinical clinical assessment. final goal was highlight impact pharmaceutical companies create bridges connections companies, academia, young senior scientists. Nanomedicine medical application nanotechnology different fields bio- nano-technology, as well involves areas related toxicity environmental nanoscale materials.[1, 2] Nanomaterials have sizes structure similar that macro-molecules their functionalization provides specific properties tailoring precision medicine many thus providing therapeutic options patients.[3] In particular, integrates research areas, such biology, physics, chemistry, materials sciences, order develop tools devices advanced therapies patients.[4, 5] this scenario, nanosystems, having compositions, combined nanomaterial may translation nanomedicines assessment.[6-9] Although transparency reproducibility still under discussion,[10] there has been an increase benefits available patients.[11] “Advanced Nanosystems Clinical Translation” addresses cutting-edge multidisciplinary emphasises recently developed nanosystems range readers working both academic industry worlds. Researchers, doctors, scientific technical specialists biomedical science, biology provide suitable contribution these fields. There no doubt cross-, multi-, inter- trans-disciplinary examples below, demonstrate exactly nanoparticles are revolutionizing reshaping collects 19 amazing contributions, eight review papers, nine full papers two progress reports, which broadly cover various important topics within nanomedicine. Worldwide contributions part address treatment diseases. ultrathin fibers, Prof. Cui co-workers. Shanghai Jiao Tong University School Medicine (article 2000096) provided novel analysis diverse roles electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds summarized recent advances exploiting binary attributes applications biomedicine. authors firstly introduced development techniques electrospinning, specifically engineering nanofibers, then discussed scaffold cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, accelerating regeneration cardiac, nerve, skeletal muscle, bone tissue, wound healing, inhibitory cancer treatments, antibacterial anti-adhesion, anti-scarring, inhibition thrombus formation. brain delivery, Merkel co-workers Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich 2000092) apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-functionalized polymeric (NPs) transport drugs, dalargin, loperamide, doxorubicin, nerve growth factor across brain-blood-barrier (BBB) via low density lipoprotein receptor. described direct indirect coating processes Apo-E NPs, transcytosis mediated BBB vivo models simulating central nervous system-relevant Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases cerebral cancer. anticancer therapy, Teesalu Tartu 2000097) synthesis silver (AgNP) coated monomethyl auristatin (MMAE), lysosomal protease cathepsin B sensitive linker, functionalized prototypic CendR peptide (RPARPAR), targets neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), pancreatic melanoma cells. demonstrated, example, RPARPAR-MMAE-AgNPs internalized induced apoptotic death NRP-1-positive PPC-1 prostate cells, while sparing NRP-1-negative M21 same field, Cameron Nottingham 2000103) investigated amphiphilic block co-polymers composed doxorubicin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-copoly(lactide)-copoly(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-propyl carbonate) studied its property 2D 3D spheroids triple negative breast aggressive orthotopic mouse model. another study, Kostarelos Manchester 2000109) interaction graphene oxide (GO) sheets vitro (three-dimensional spheroids) (orthotopic xenograft) glioblastoma (GB). experiments spheroids, showed GO flakes passively translocated into little internalization tumor did cause cytotoxicity only small changes gene protein expression. vivo, intracranially administered distribution throughout mass had progression duration study. Furthermore, Fresta Catanzaro “Magna Graecia” 2000121) effect multidrug liposomes co-delivery drugs (gemcitabine hydrochloride paclitaxel) increased vitro, inhibiting model metastatic murine improved overall survival Satchi-Fainaro Tel Aviv 2000124) overview approaches target GB. conventional gold-standard treatments GB, surgical resection followed by chemotherapy radiotherapy, limitations achieve complete tumor, majority GB patients due invasiveness penetration BBB. reported detailed can cross cells targeted Moreover, Vicent Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe 202000136) revision literature current (PCa) treatment. discussions hormonal chemotherapy, immunotherapy, reformulation existing therapeutics nanomedicines, PCa evaluation preclinical studies. opportunity improve design approaches, identification functional biomarkers stratify patients, finally guidelines were discussed. nanomedicine, Florindo Universidade Lisboa 2000147) therapy. addressed knowledge immunology, focusing emerging role combinatorial strategies targeting regulating function major players immune evasion. approached immunotherapy emergent-targeted relevance genomics, predictive biomarkers, trial design, regulation nanomedicines. Cabral Tokyo 2000159) self-assembled process designing selective probes agents tumors, thus, achieving diagnostic efficacy, relieving potential side effects. They presented status clinically used reviewing trials, discussing challenges future perspectives clinic. Sosnik Technion-Israel Institute Technology 2000010) glycosylation active nano-drug systems solid tumors overexpressing glucose transporters. Curcumin-loaded micelles presence molecules surface lead enhanced inside activity mice bearing 4T1-induced tumors. Shen 2000099) Houston Methodist Research mRNA-based platform human Multiple nanotechnology-based platforms mRNA discussed, polymer-based polyplex, lipid-based lipoplex, lipid-coated lipopolyplex, biotechnology, reprogramming editing, replacement infectious disease Mitchell Pennsylvania 2000111) use nucleic acids, interfering RNAs (siRNA) antisense oligonucleotides, gastrointestinal (GI) lipid (LNPs) system protect acids degradation, mediate intracellular deliver intact siRNA oligonucleotides through barrier. Lipid compositions LNPs enhance GI tract LNP-b-DNA delivery. sequencing results high-throughput screening indicated accelerate discovery acid upon oral administration. work, Zhang Åbo Akademi 2000072) effective CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids homology-directed repair mesoporous silica (MSNs). Functionalized MSNs, forming complexes plasmids, cellular endosomal escape, facilitating nuclear plasmids. plasmids-functionalized MSNs shown aid overcoming physiological barriers, allowing signaling osteoarthritis, Duvall Vanderbilt intra-articular osteoarthritis (OA) currently tested OA, highlighting hydrogels, liposomes, microparticles nanoparticles, conjugates, combination trials significant topical Chiappini King's College London 2000160) nanodelivery overcome barriers guarantee passage skin, mucosae, eyes ears accumulation tissues. anti-bacterial Zhou Zhejiang 2000107) demonstrated hydrogel based photosynthetic microorganisms healing production local oxygen carried out alleviate acute chronic tissue hypoxia. chlorophyll released spirulina platensis carboxymethyl after being irradiated 650-nm laser, generating reactive species (ROS) leading photodynamic destruction bacteria area. paper, la Fuente Instituto Nanociencia y Materiales Aragón 2000113) highlighted importance pulmonary administration, passive reservoirs tuberculosis anti-inflammatory Santos Helsinki 2000058) nanocomposite, polydopamine-based nanoparticle, budesonide encapsulated pH-responsive endosomolytic polymer, prevent ROS acting scavenger inflammation. nanocomposite led successfully macrophage phenotype switch pro-inflammatory M1 M2 macrophages. Overall, expected background new latest nanomaterials/nanomedicines applications. guest editors very grateful all who accepted our invitation contributed works exciting translation. Special Issue dedicated hold scientists other Finally, thanks go staff Advanced Therapeutics continuous support making possible. Christian Celia Associate Professor Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery at – Pescara “. got his PharmD residence Hospital Pharmacy 2008 PhD Science 2012 institution. He spent years visiting scholar Institute, Houston, Texas, USA Department where he rose position Affiliated Scientist 2012. 2012, joined Assistant promoted 2017. focused cutaneous medicine. Donatella Paolino Full Magna Graecia Catanzaro. She her bioactive substances 2004 Palermo, Catania. Her teaching responsibilities undergraduate programs. interests preparation, characterization evaluation, innovative colloidal (ophthalmic, dermal, transdermal, mucosal transmucosal) drugs. Hélder A. obtained Doctor (Chemical Engineering) 2007 (now Aalto University) Finland. Currently, Nanotechnology Faculty Pharmacy, Helsinki, Head Nanomedicines Biomedical Engineering group. His expertise lies nanoparticles/nanomedicines particularly porous silicon polymeric-based nanomaterials, simultaneous controlled diagnostic, therapy cancer, diabetes,